Corporate gifts are a good way to build and strengthen customer relations among businesses and they are also an all important part of all promotional merchandize gifts that are given away. There are a lot of choices available in the markets for corporate gift ideas and it can prove to be a daunting task to pick out a good corporate gift for your client or business associates especially if there is more than one person to give such a gift to. Corporate gifts should also be customized wherever possible as a customized gift has a greater value any given day. Let us now look at some of the best corporate gift ideas.

10. Organizers and diaries

Since organizers and diaries are an all important part of any business person’s stationery it is always easy to pick them out. Diaries can easily be customized to a great deal and they make a gift that has some practical worth as well as some visual appeal. It is also a gift that leaves an impression because of its use and also constantly reminds the recipient about the gift giver. It is also easy to pick out diaries and organizers in bulk.

9. Card holders

Business card holders are an all important corporate accessory that everyone uses on a regular basis. They are easy to pick out and come in many different inventive and attractive designs. The card holders can easily be printed upon or engraved for a greater amount of customization and personalization if needed.

8. Mobile phone holders

Mobile phones are soon becoming a universal object that everyone has. A mobile phone holder is an extremely thoughtful corporate gift to give away. There are a lot of different designs available in the markets today and the technology behind making them is also pretty impressive. They are also easy to pick out in bulk amounts.

7. Photo frames

Photo frames are a great business gift that also lets your clients and associates know that you care about them. Customized frames are also easy to make or order and they can deliver a personal sentiment with the greatest of ease. The many varieties of photo frames available in the markets are easy to pick out and can also be customized to a great deal.

6. Paperweights

Paperweights today have become a much prized collector’s item and even though less and less paper is used in offices today it makes for a great gift nonetheless. Designer paperweights are attractive to look at and can brighten up an office space too. It is also easy to pick out paperweights in greater numbers and make for easy yet thoughtful corporate gifts.

5. Cuff links

Cuff links are a very well known fashion accessory especially in the corporate world. Although good ones can be a tad expensive as compared to most other gifts, they are a great way to let your clients, associates and customers know that you care about them. Personalized cuff links are also easily available and make for some of the best corporate gifts to give away.

4. Coffee mugs

Although a simple gift, they are highly popular as corporate gifts. Customized coffee cups are well known to be great gifts that can also express a personal sentiment to customers and associates. Coffee is a great social stimulant and will remind the person about the sender every time they drink from a coffee mug.

3. Ties

Ties make for a classy corporate gift. Corporate often use ties as a gift as they are easily available and can be picked out in larger numbers also. They are frequently used in the corporate world and have great value to people who wear them regularly.

2. Polo shirts

Polo shirts make good gifts to give away and also show off some amount of class. Polo shirts are also fashionable and last long. Apart from the fact that they are durable they can also be easily customized with embroidery and can be given to any person. It is a simple yet highly effective gift that can also be picked out in larger numbers.

1. Pens and pen sets

Pens are perhaps the classiest corporate gifts to give away. The executive pen set is a great promotional gift that has stood the test of time. Most pen sets come in a neat box or a holder which adds to the class of the gift. Their everyday requirement and use makes them highly valued corporate gifts. Personalized and customized pen sets are also easily available in the markets and add a great deal of value to any business gifting occasion.

Donating cars is very easy now days; there are multiple sources that you can donate your car to. If you have an old car that you don’t use anymore then there are several ways that the car can be put to good use. It is the best way to get rid of old cars as it could help save someone’s life furthermore there are a number of benefits of donating a car to charity. A number of charities help people dispose of their cars in ways that are beneficial to many others. Here are the top ten reasons why you should donate your car to charity.

10. Keeps you away from dealing with middlemen and car dealers:

Getting a good price for an old car is always a difficult task. It is better to not deal with middlemen and car dealers and easily dispose of the car to a charity. A number of hassles are involved with the disposal of an old car when dealing with a dealership or even a single dealer because they are looking to put you at a loss and make a profit out of it. You can avoid all that by donating your old car to charity.

9. Charities pick up your car:

You do not need to wait for prospective buyers to come and look at your car in your garage. Neither do you have to constantly wait for updates from a dealership. Charities simply need to be contacted and they will come and pick up the car from your residence.

8. Avoid advertising costs and other overheads of keeping an old car:

If you are looking to sell off your car then it is better to donate your car instead. Charities give you an accurate valuation of the current price of your car and you will not encounter unnecessary expenses to advertise in newspapers or magazines to sell your car off.

7. Your car does not have to be in good condition:

You will not need to do any repair work to your car to donate it. Charities are more than happy to pick up an old car and have it worked upon on their own expense. You will not have to spend a dime on the repair of your old worn out work machine and it wil be disposed off in a graceful way that fits your car.

6. No junkyards:

Even getting your car out to a junkyard has some amount of effort on your part or on the part of the junkyard. Most junkyards or junk dealers ask for money to take away a car. If you are making a donation then there are no hassles as such as the charities arrange for the pickup themselves if you are unable to deliver it to them.

5. Pickup is usually quick:

You will not have to wait for your car to get picked up as most charities pick up the car wthin a couple of days after a prospective donor contacts them. Dealerships and even individual buyers often take their own sweet time to come pick up the car and you will have to deal with housing the car till the time they decide to pick it up, it is not so in the case of a charity that takes car donations.

4. No more insurance or other costs:

Car charities take over the car completely including the paperwork involved. They make sure that the car is taken off of your hands safely and completely. You will no longer have to worry about insurance or any other form of monetary commitment towards your old car.

3. Preserve your emotional attachment towards your car:

If for instance its your first car and you are somewhat emotionally attached to the vehicle and do not want to see it put down at a junkyard, then donating is the best possible option for you as it can still be refurbished or repaired and used.

2. Satisfaction involved:

Donating a car to charity will give you the satisfaction of having helped a cause that is dear to you. It could very well be one of the biggest donations that you may ever make in your life. Besides that a lot of charities make an effort to acknowledge the people who donate to them through some means or another.

1. Tax deductions involved:

After the charity calculates the current market value of your old car, you will get a rebate on the equivalent aount of money on your taxes. It is a great way to give something away to a cause and save some money at the same time. Most old cars yield a tax deduction of at least 300$ or more which is a handsome amount of money any given day.

Online businesses have made a lasting impression on all forms of business in today’s markets. It is very important for any growing business to have an online presence as the possibilities of online growth are immense. Not just that but the highly competitive nature of all markets today makes it essential for any business big or small to have a strong presence on the web. Internet marketing is also one of the best ways to retain customers and keep them coming back for more, it is also seen that it is one of the best and the least expensive ways to advertise. Let us look at some online marketing tips that are sure to get your business in motion.

10. Start and maintain a blog:

Blogging is one of the best ways to interact with visitors on your website. It is also a great way to spread information about your business to many sources. Be sure to maintain your blog with a healthy flow of content as it is important to have interactive content on your blog. Just like a rolling stone gathers no moss an empty blog generates no traffic. Blog marketing has become a big and a very important step in any online marketing campaign.

9. Email marketing:

Email marketing is a great way to generate leads especially for small businesses. A well constructed email and a good mailing list is very important for any business big or small. For smaller business it is important to have good data to market, do not hesitate to contact a professional service to get good data as it is critically important if you are not able to make your own data. Emails generate a lot of useful high quality leads for smaller businesses and should be given proper attention to.

8. Video:

Video marketing has also become big in the last few years. It is important to have advertising and informative videos. Setting up a YouTube channel is also an important step in the process of video marketing. It does not matter if the videos are made by a professional or not, just make sure that there is enough relevant information in the videos to be able to get the message clearly out to any potential customer. Even presentations can work wonders if you do not make videos; they are a great way to visually capture the imagination of your prospective clients.

7. Data capturing and call to action:

Data capture is often ignored by small and medium businesses and it leads to many of the leads and prospective sales vanishing away. It is important to give the customers and site visitors a lot of reasons to stay on your website. Getting the customer interested through offers and other hooks is important. Most web pages have only one contact us link or page and do not prompt the site visitors to reveal their information, make sure that your website has many data capture points and not just a single one. Multiple capture points at different stages and points on your site are important but it is also important not to clutter the site asking for the customer’s data.

6. Add the personal touch:

The personal touch is all important in generating good leads and converting them into sales. It is important for you to remember that good personal contact will help gain the trust of the customer which is also all important in any online marketing strategy. Even the content on your site needs to be interactive and any follow-ups should be made personally as it will also assure the customer that they are indeed dealing with people and not machines.

5. Focus on article marketing:

Article marketing is also another very important aspect of internet marketing strategy. Article marketing helps generate traffic to your web site. It also helps get your message out to potential customers easily. Many companies ignore this important aspect and have poor quality content sprayed over the internet; while this will give you traffic the quality of the traffic will suffer in many ways. If you are unable to generate content then make sure that you have good content providers to do so. Adding a human touch to your content is also important.

4. Partner up with symbiotic businesses and affiliate programs:

Contact businesses that go hand in hand with your product and partner up with them so you can share leads. It is important to choose a company that will help your business simultaneously with its own. Do not hesitate to share leads with such a company as it will lead to a major increase in the conversion rates of your leads. Affiliate marketing is also a great source of leads and its importance in online marketing is already seen.

3. Social Media:

The importance of social media in today’s day and age cannot be stressed upon enough. It is important to establish a presence in social media sites like Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and LinkedIn among others. The social media sites provide great leads and are also very important from a search engine optimization point of view. It is also the best platform to interact with existing and potential customers.

2. Amplify your SEO strategies:

SEO is an all important part of online marketing. It is important to periodically review your strategies for SEO and also to review your site for the content and the keywords. Do some active research and keep reviewing your keywords as well. Study changing trends to make sure that your business does not fall behind.

1. Be diligent and have patience:

The most important of all marketing strategies is to be persistent with your marketing strategies. Patience is the name of the game in this case as there are no miracles that can happen overnight with online marketing. Keep at it to an extent that you lose track of time, this will help you reap benefits in the long run and will definitely bring success to your online business.

Paying bills, learning to budget, understanding the stock market, investing wisely—these are important lessons to learn, and to teach. Sometimes your kid—or even your spouse—may resist. So may your boss. TopYaps brings to you top ten financial quotes . Find a quote to make it fun, inspiring, or at least palatable.

10. Oscar Wilde:

“When I was young I thought that money was the most important thing in life, now that I am old I know that it is.”

9. Ted Turner:

“Life is a game. Money is how we keep score.”

8. Donald Trump:

“Sometimes your best investments are the ones you don’t make.”

7. Groucho Marx:

“Money frees you from doing things you dislike. Since I dislike doing nearly everything, money is handy.”

6. Jackie Mason:

“Money is not the most important thing in the world. Love is. Fortunately, I love money.”

5. Helen Gurley Brown:

“Money, if it does not bring you happiness, will at least help you be miserable in comfort.”

4. Will Smith:

“Too many people spend money they haven’t earned, to buy things they don’t want, to impress people they don’t like.”

3. Jerry Sienfeld:

“Dogs have no money. Isn’t that amazing? They’re broke their entire lives. But they get through. You know why dogs have no money? No pockets“

2. Benjamin Franklin:

“If you want to know the value of money, go and try to borrow some.”

1. Warren Buffet:

“Rule number one: Never lose money. Rule number two: Never forget rule #1.”

What goes up sometimes come down, and if the “falling element” is gigantic, the sound of its fall is more louder and more percipient. This list of TopYaps exemplifies that if the financial circumstances catch a company off guard, it will be definitely susceptible to bankruptcy.

10. Pacific Gas and Electric:

Pacific Gas and Electric is well known for providing electricity and natural gas to a significant portion of California. Due to the lack of standard productivity and ineffective in selling electricity to consumers, this company filed for bankruptcy on April 6, 2001. In April 2004, this company came back to business after distributing over $10.2 billion to hundreds of creditors.

9. Thornburg Mortgage:

Founded in 1993, Thornburg Mortgage Inc. was a real estate investment trust, headquartered in Santa Fe, New Mexico. This firm witnessed enormous financial hurdles during the Financial Crisis of 2007-2010 and finally on April 1, 2009, it filed for bankruptcy.

8. Chrysler:

Founded in 1925 by Walter Chrysler, Chrysler Group LLC is an eminent multinational automaker, based in Auburn Hills, Michigan. On April 30, 2009, this company filed for bankruptcy at the Court of the Southern District of New York. This company emerged form havoc on June 10, 2009, when Italian automaker “Fiat” arrived in game and acquired 53.5% of its stake.

7. Polaroid:

Notable for making instant film cameras, Polaroid is a leading American-based eyewear and consumer electronics company. Because of the failure of its senior management, this company filed for bankruptcy on October 11, 2001. Most of its business was sold to a private equity firm which is now known as Polaroid Holding Company (PHC). With nominal share, original Polaroid Company changed its name to Primary PDC, Inc.

6. CIT Group:

Headquartered in New York City, CIT Group is known for leasing capital and providing financial assist for small business ventures and other clients across the world. Because of tremendous decline in company’s housing and mortgage markets, CIT Group filed for bankruptcy on November 1, 2009. This shock wave for consumers ended on December 10, 2009, when this company emerged from mayhem after paying all of its debts.

5. Enron:

Symbolization of unsoundest corporate fraud, Enron was, once, a top-notch global company in production of natural gas, electricity, paper and communications. Because of management’s poor financial reporting, accounting loopholes and accounting purpose entities,  Enron filed for bankruptcy on September 2, 2001. Till the date, it is considered as one of the most complex cases in the history of United States.

4. General Motors:

General Motors Company is headquartered in Detroit, Michigan and operates its business in some 157 countries with approximately 209,000 employees. This company experienced a drastic drop in car sales and eventually on June 8, 2009, it filed for bankruptcy. However, after receiving financial aid of billions of dollars from the U.S. Government, this company was back to business on July 10, 2009.

3. WorldCom:

Better known for dominating the telecommunication sector of the United States, WorldCom went bankrupt on July 21, 2002, after experiencing an accounting fraud of over $3.8 billion. Later, WorldCom and MCI Communications were merged to form MCI, Inc., the telephony backbone of America.

2. Washington Mutual:

WaMu was the second largest savings and loan association of America which was officially declared bankrupt on September 26, 2008. This company was seized by the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) of United States on September 25, 2008, because of an enormous withdrawal of $16.4 billion deposit, in just 10 days of bank run. Bankruptcy of this company led the biggest bank failure in the financial history of United States.

1. Lehman Brothers:

With a gigantic value of over $600 billion, Lehman Brothers, a global financial services firm, filed its bankruptcy on September 15, 2008, marking the largest bankruptcy filing in the history of United States. Collapse of this fourth largest investment bank of United States unfolded the late-2000s global financial crisis.

Cars have become very comfort providing and the technology has reached immeasurable heights. Some cars companies have made a great name for themselves with their cars that are not only good to drive but also provide increased comfort, better driving experience and reliability. The top ten selling car list comprises of cars that have not only stood the test drive but have also stood the test of time.

10. Lada Riva:

The car was first seen in the 1973 motor show in Britain, it was a joint production of Fiat and the Soviet government. The car quickly became a rage as it was cheap and had a good design. It has sold more than 13 million units as its advanced versions continue to run on some roads in the world. This fiat product was among the first cars to become a middle class sensation.

9. Passat:

The Volkswagen Passat is one of the most successful cars the company has made. Introduced as a family car in 1973 and widely fascinated by the car dealers, this car of Volkswagen has sold more than 14 million units to date and is still loved by people as a good family car. Today it has the reputation of being a car that has many advanced features found in the more expensive cars and with a great engine; it is also an amazing drive.

8. Honda Accord:

The Honda accord is one of the best cars in its segment and has remained so for more than 30 years now. An estimated sales figure in excess of 15 million units, the car is still selling like hot cakes. It was especially popular in the US in the 1980s and is another pristine example of Japanese engineering. This car is also known to be fuel efficient which is an added bonus.

7. Ford T:

Known to many around the world as one of the cars that started it all, the Ford Model T was first introduced in 1908. Likewise golden egg for car dealers, it was the first car for a large number of people from the middle classes and sold around 16.5 million units between 1908 and 1927. The car was available in only a single color, black and it was also called as the universal car by the maker of Ford, Henry Ford.

6. Honda Civic:

This is one car that every car lover has wished to own at some time or another. One of the best looking cars in the markets today, this four door sedan started out as a fun car has become a cult car with its many versions finding place in different walks of life. The current version of the car is also a bestseller and in all the Civic as sold more than 16.5 million units and counting. One of its top selling attributes is the cost of the car which has always been very competitive.

5. Ford Escort:

The Ford Escort was an all round family car that was also designed keeping in mind the look. The car was flagged off in 1967 and was stopped in 2003 but has sold more than 20 million units worldwide. A large number of versions of the car were made available to try and make the car more versatile but in the end a little too much was done with the car until its demand gradually declined.

4. Volkswagen Beetle:

The car that has gained a place in the hearts of car lovers all around the world, the Bug or the Beetle is one of the most well known cars ever made. It was recently given a restart by the company and is more popular than ever. It is a hatchback which was deemed to fail time and again but has managed to stand not only the test of time but also the tests that critics have thrown at it over the years as it still continues to gain in popularity selling more than 21 million units worldwide.

3. Volkswagen Golf:

The car that was made to replace the Beetle has become just as iconic as the car it was meant to replace. With a sales figure in excess of 25 million units to date, this car is not just good looking but is also among the best built vehicles with incredible performance and reliability which have given it a worthy place as the top three selling cars in the world.

2. Fiat Punto:

This Fiat car has given some great cars a run for their money as it has managed to sell consistently since it was launched in 1994. The look of the car is the biggest draw as it gives off a classy and refined look. The simple and unique design has won over many hears and as a car in the fuel efficient sections it has done extremely well.

1. Toyota Corolla:

Arguably the best selling car of all time, the popular car from Toyota has sold more than 32 million units. The main selling point of this car is that it is extremely reliable. It has the reputation of being a car that stands years and years of service free performance. It is one of the best family cars available in the markets and it has more than its share of regular followers who buy updated models also.

Well, it’s a tough job to find out that what makes a brand great and successful. In the rat race of branding, every year millions of dollars are spend by multinational companies. But their are some companies, better known for their length of service, tradition, productivity and cultural influence. Topyaps explores the ten most valuable brands of the world.

10. Hewlett-Packard (America):

One of the world’s largest information technology company, HP was founded in 1939 by two graduates of Stanford University, Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard. Started in Packard’s garage with initial investment of $538, today HP has more than 310,000 employees across the world, with total asset of  $124.503 billion.

9. The Walt Disney Company (America):

Kingpin of international animation industry, The Walt Disney Company was founded on October 16, 1923, by two brothers, Walt Disney and Roy Disney. Initially, it was known as Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio but later in 1938, it was renamed as Walt Disney Production. This company possess the largest and best known studio in the world, Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group along with ESPN and ABC broadcast television network.

8. Nokia (Finland):

The world’s largest producer of mobile phones, Nokia’s history dates back to 1865, when it was established as a groundwood pulp mill by Fradrik Idestam. Later, it was expanded into the electricity business and finally in 1962, it jumped into the telecommunication era by developing pulse analyzer for nuclear power plants. In the present time, Nokia is engaged in more than 150 countries with its mobile devices and communication industries.

7. Intel (America):

Founder of the x86 series of microprocessors and world’s largest semiconductor chip maker, Intel was founded as Integrated Electronics Corporation on July 18, 1968. It’s founding members Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore are considered as groundbreakers of semiconductor technology. This global technology company is better known for making Pentium processors, a household name.

6. McDonald’s (America):

Founded as a restaurant on May 15, 1940 by two brothers, Richard and Maurice McDonald, this largest chain of fast food restaurant serves more than 58 million customers per day. Publicizer of “American way of life” and symbol of globalization, this company majorly sells cheeseburgers, hamburgers, soft drinks, chicken products, french fries and desserts.

5. General Electric (America):

One of the most powerful multinational conglomerate corporation, GE was founded in 1892 by the merger of Thomson-Houston Electric Company of Lynn, Massachusetts and Edison General Electric of Schenectady, New York. Constituting more than 339,000 employees, GE operates in five different fields: Technology Infrastructure, Energy Infrastructure, NBC Universal, GE Capital and GE Home and Business Solutions.

4. Google (America):

Considered as the living ‘God’, Google was started in January 1996, as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Ph.D. students of Stanford University. Initially, this search engine ran with the domain google.stanford.edu but due to its groundbreaking success, the domain name Google was registered on September 15, 1997 and finally on September 4, 1998, Google Inc. was incorporated.Today, Page and Brin are counted among youngest billionaires of world.

3. Microsoft (America):

There are people who don’t like capitalism, and there are people who don’t like PCs, but there’s no one who likes the PC who doesn’t like Microsoft. No doubt, Microsoft has changed the world. Founded on April 4, 1975, by Bill Gates and Paul Allen, this company is the one and only one dominator of home computer operating system market. Currently, Microsoft Corporation manufactures, develops, supports and licenses a massive range of services and products related to the computing world.

2. IBM:

International Business Machines was founded on June 16, 1911, as a merger of the Computer Scale Company of America and the International Time Recording Company with the Tabulating Machine Company. Manufacturer of software and hardware, IBM is the most celebrated phenomenon of Silicon Valley for being the bigwig of nanotechnology and mainframe computers.

1. Coca Cola:

Travel where you will, anywhere in the world, and you will encounter Coca-Cola — on clothes, in signs, on packaging, in art — everywhere. The most valued brand of the world, this soft drink is now available in more than 200 countries either on stores or on vending machines. Founded on May 8, 1886, by John Pemberton, Coca Cola was initially used as a patent medicine but from March 12, 1894, it was sold in bottles as a soft drink.

Varying from economic sectors to private bedrooms, this scandalous page of Topyaps is listing ten corporate monsters, who decimated the fortunes and lives of millions of innocent investors and employees.

10. Sanjay Kumar (Computer Associates):

Sanjay Kumar, the Chief Executive Officer of Computer Associates International Inc. was sentenced to 12 years in prison along with $8 million fine for masterminding a corporate fraud of more than $500 million. Born in Srilanka in 1962, Sanjay moved to United States at the age of 14 and later became the director of software department at UCCEL Corporation. In 1987, UCCEL was merged in Computer Associates and in 1994 he was appointed the CEO of CA, replacing Charles Wang.

9. Harry Stonecipher (Boeing):

Harry Stonecipher was forced to resign from Boeing for having a consensual relationship with a female executive. According to sources, Harry’s act violated the company’s code of conduct. However, Stonecipher was majorly appreciated for directing the merger between Boeing and McDonnell Douglas but his improper relationship with Debra Peabody polluted his power to lead the company.

8. James McDermott (Keefe, Bruyette & Woods):

James McDermott, a father of two was charged with disclosing confidential bank secrets to his mistress, Marilyn Star, an X-rated movie star of Canada. Renowned for his financial artistry and one-time Wall Street wiz, McDermott’s “bedroom policy” dragged him in the jail with $230,000 fine. Marilyn utilized this disclosure and cooked more than $80,000 in the share market after passing this secret to her real lover, Anthony Pomponio.

7. Robert Moffat (IBM):

The stimulator of International Business Machines, Robert Moffat was arrested by the FBI for his back-channel dealings between prominent bankers and master players of high tech industries. During the confession, the 6-foot-2 and 265-pound frame cracked down with tearful emotions but after the final prosecution, he was sentenced to six months in prison.

6. John Rigas (Adelphia):

Founder and CEO of the powerhouse company, Adelphia Communications Corporation, John Rigas was charged with securities fraud, wire fraud and bank fraud and was sentenced to 15 years in prison. Prosecutors charged him for misusing corporate fund for his lengthy list of personal luxuries and also for hiding $2.3 billion from investors.

5. John Browne (BP):

President of the Royal Academy of Engineering and CEO of BP, Edmund John Philip Browne, resigned from the post when his alleged gay-affair was exposed by his former partner, Jeff Chevalier. However, he tried his best to keep the business life separate from his private life but this corporate giant was left open mouthed when his play “beyond the petroleum pitch” was blobbed by the international media.

4. Kenneth Lay (Enron):

Responsible for the downfall of Enron Corporation, Kenneth Lay is now a synonym of accounting fraud as well as corporate abuse. With the chain of complex financial and political implications, Enron lied to its shareholders and finally went bankrupt in December 2001 after wiping out $67 billion. Lay was charged for this mega-economic scandal but he died of a heart attack before his scheduled sentencing.

3. Martha Stewart (Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia):

High profile American business magnet, Martha is well know for violating the insider trading. After selling all share of her ImClone Systems, she drew heavy media scrutiny and later she was indicted by the court with charges of obstruction of justice and securities fraud. After a high-aired jury trial, she was sentenced to five months in prison along with a fine of $30,000.

2. Bernard Ebbers (WorldCom):

Bernard Ebbers was convicted for orchestrating the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history. His consistent manipulation in the fiscal results of WorldCom moderated the sophisticated accounting fraud of $11 billion. Facing a 25 year imprisonment in Louisiana, he is expected to be released in July 2028, at the age of 85 year.

1. Mark Hurd (HP):

One of the most ironic scandal that stunned the Silicon Valley. On August 6, 2010, Mark resigned his post amid charges that he molested Jodie Fisher, a former actress and marketing consultant of HP. Dismissal of Hurd from HP was condemned in the corporate world as he was counted among one of the most flamboyant figure of business sector. Larry Ellison, CEO of Oracle, even stated: “The HP board just made the worst personnel decision since the idiots on the Apple board fired Steve Jobs many years ago.”

This page of Topyaps is enlisting the ten major stock exchanges across the world.

10. Bombay Stock Exchange:

Located at Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers, Dalal street, Mumbai, the Bombay Stock Exchange has the largest number of listed companies in the world and also it is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. A significant landmark in the economical domain of India, BSE was earlier known as “The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association”. In 1956, BSE was recognized by government of India under the Securities Contracts regulation Act and became the first stock exchange with government’s accreditation.

9. Madrid Stock Exchange:

Also known as “Bolsa de Madrid”, Madrid Stock Exchange is the largest trading market in Spain which is governed by ‘Bolsas y Mercados Espanoles’, a Spanish financial company. Dedicated to the sophisticated technologies, this stock exchange constitutes 41 prominent financial institutions.

8. Toronto Stock Exchange:

Toronto Stock Exchange is the third largest stock exchange in North America which is operated by TMX Group Inc. Founded on October 25, 1861, this stock exchange is one of the most significant market in the field of international energy and mining concerns. It is also the home to Canada’s major banks, such as: Royal Bank of Canada, Bank of Montreal, CIBC, Bank of Nova Scotia and Toronto-Dominion Bank.

7. Shanghai Stock Exchange:

This stock exchange is an outcome of boom in mining shares during 1891. Earlier, it was known as ‘Shanghai Sharebrokers Association’ but in 1904 it was renamed to “Shanghai Stock Exchange”. Due to some complex financial policies of the Chinese mainland authorities, this stock market is not entirely open to foreign investors.

6. Frankfurt Stock Exchange:

The Frankfurt Stock Exchange holds a massive share of European market as well as the 90% turnover of Germany’s economical sector. This stock exchange is governed by world famous finance company, Deutsche Borse. The origin of this stock exchange dates back to the 9th century but it acquired the international fame in 1949, after World War II.

5. London Stock Exchange:

Located at Paternoster Square in City of London, this stock exchange was established in 1801. London Stock Exchange is considered as the heart of the global financial community and exclusively acts on its motto – ‘Dictum Meum Pactum’ (My word is my bond). In 2007, this stock exchange was unified with Borsa Italiana which formed the London Stock Exchange Group.

4. Euronext:

Founded on September 22, 2000, this pan-European Stock Exchange is a blend of Brussels Stock Exchange, Amsterdam Stock Exchange and Paris Bourse. After merging with the NYSE Group in 2007, it became the first global stock exchange. This stock exchange is viewed as a king in the markets of equities and derivatives and also accommodates subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, France, Portugal, Netherlands and Belgium.

3. NASDAQ Stock Exchange:

NASDAQ is the acronym for “National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations Systems” which was founded in 1971. Located in the New York City, this American stock exchange is the largest electronic screen supported trading market in the United States. Confining the one third share of Dubai Stock Exchange, it also controls eight stock exchanges in Europe.

2. Tokyo Stock Exchange:

Listed with 2,414 companies, the Tokyo Stock Exchange was founded on May 15, 187 with the name “Tokyo Kabushiki Torihikijo”. After the bombing of Nagasaki, this stock exchange was reopened under the Securities Exchange Act and unprecedentedly in 1990, it accounted the 60% capitalization of worldwide stock markets.

1. New York Stock Exchange:

Located at 11 Wall Street in New York city, New York Stock Exchange came into existence on March 8, 1817 and since then, it is considered as the sanctum of financial players. However, this stock exchange has witnessed numerous traumatic events in its history (WW I, 9/11, Black Thursday – 1929) but still it is the powerhouse of international financial community.

This list of Topyaps examines some major bail out of banks, collapse of economical institutions as well as major downswings of stock markets around the world.

10. Worldwide Stock Market Crash in September 2008:

A systematic meltdown which originated in the United States and flexed into a major crisis, reducing the values of commodities and equities worldwide. According to the International Monetary Fund, the prime cause of this crisis was that investors had become habitual to purchase stocks based on the principle of ‘On Margin’, a scheme by which they pay up only a part of the price of their stock purchase. After realizing the skyrocketing price of stocks, they paid a big amount to their corresponding brokers but surprisingly the stock didn’t rise in price which resulted in the crisis of confidence in the entire financial system worldwide.

9. 2001 Dot Com Crash:

Shoot up by the rise of Internet industry in 1995, this dot com bubble busted numerically in 2001 due to their daring and unusual business methodologies with the desire of overshadowing the stock market as well as with the strategy of get-rich-quick. The illusive growth of the tech sector with bunch of companies being founded weekly, collapsed on account of their borderline monopolies. Meanwhile, Silicon Valley became the Mecca of tech industry but it also generated some high profile court cases against tech companies, sending the shock waves to NASDAQ composite index.

8. 1997 Asian Financial Crisis:

Sprang up in Thailand, this economic meltdown was a consequence of overbuilding in real estate which struck the major financial players across the world. Effectively, Thailand went bankrupt due to the collapse of its currency, Thai baht, which severely troubled the financial sector of Asian economy. Fiscal deregulation boosted more loans and by the time the interest rates were increased by the United States in order to reduce inflationary pressures. When cash flow dried up in the east it became difficult for the Asian countries to keep exchange rates at their frozen floor against the USD.

7. Japanese Financial Crisis During 1990s:

A very lengthy and very costly economic breakdown which led to a lost-decade of Japanese financial infrastructure. Provoking the cross-border financial crisis, this disaster was generated because of declining asset value and higher interest rates along with helpless Japanese monetary authorities. On arrival of this crisis, banks were advocated to keep on lending to firms, despite they were on the verge of bankruptcy. This crisis generated an extended recession in Japan which was colligated with the excess liquidity during late 1980 in the Japanese financial system.

6. Economic Breakdown during 1970s:

Considered as one of the most haunting decade for industrialized countries, this economic breakdown was the result of high inflation. The economic growth rate dropped vertically which was followed by the oil crisis of 1973, erupted from the unsatisfied members of Organization of Arab Petrol Exporting Countries due to some policies of the United States and increasing the posted price of oil to $5.11/barrel.

5. The Market Meltdown of Early 1930s:

Also known as the Great Depression or the Deepest Depression of 20th Century, this worldwide economic breakdown is the perfect illustration of how far the world’s economy can decline. Started around September 4, 1929, in United States, this crisis rapidly spread across the world. The entire game started when on “Black Tuesday”, the stock market of the United States came down drastically and severely damaged the countries importantly dependent of foreign trade.

4. Economical Terror of 1857:

A horrible outcome of the overexpansion in the domestic economy of the United States. This downward spiral erupted from the American banks after the bankruptcy of Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company. This short-lived but intense depression ravaged the railroad industry which aroused merchants and farmers to withdraw their plan of investing in the markets. This economic breakdown until the American civil war and impacted adversely on Far East, Europe and South America.

3. The Financial Panic of 1837:

An imaginary fever which started in New York on May 10, 1837 when acceptance of cash was strictly denied by the American banks and they demanded the payments in the form of gold or silver. Further, this crisis was provoked due to the mutual conflict between contemporary president Andrew Jackson and the National Bank of America.

2. The Economic Breakdown of 1819:

An unforeseen beckon of wide spread urban unemployment, closing of mortgages, banking failures and and dramatic downfall in agricultural prices, this economic breakdown is regarded as the stimulator of America’s endless cycle of boom-to-bust policy. This breakdown took place on the end of the Era of The Good Feelings as a result of  the War of 1812.

1. The Great Depression of 1807:

In order to take revenge from the British, the then president of United States, Thomas Jefferson introduced the Embargo Act but it devastated the American export economy and finally resulted in the war of 1812. This act rammed the shipping related industries (hugely dependent on Britain) which reduced the security prices along with trade volumes and commodity prices.